This is the fourth of a five-part series discussing the importance and future of ocean reef systems.

Yesterday’s article illustrated some of the fine ways people are coming together to recreate coral reef systems in areas that have been destroyed, and build them from scratch in areas regarded as virtually lifeless.

Variety of marine life at Anacapa Island, CA

But there are a great deal of efforts being made to protect the ecosystems that have not seen the extent of damage that others have, by creating marine protected areas (MPAs), or sanctuaries.

Because the needs of the reef ecosystems and the needs of the communities that depend on them vary based on location, establishing an MPA specific to those demands is essential. Not only must there be studies of the reef underwater; land-based studies need to occur to address issues like pollution, development, and the effects of human interaction. It is of great importance to the success of the sanctuary that the community surrounding it is aware and actively participating in the project, as some efforts may fall victim of socio-economic or political agendas.

Marine sanctuaries are immensely valuable to areas that need to protect features that are culturally or historically specific to the region, such as plant and animal species, shipwrecks, and lighthouses.

Looe Key, FL, National Marine Sanctuary

The United States began the National Marine Sanctuaries in 1972, which protects specific areas ranging from the Great Lakes to Washington state, and the Florida keys to the Hawaiian islands. Expeditions are readily available in places that have established MPAs like South Africa, Australia, the Philippines, England, and the Caribbean, where you can be involved in the observation and cultivation of these ecosystems.

Marine protected areas maintain strict guidelines as to the activity that is allowed within them. Aggressive fishing methods such as dynamite or chemical fishing and the use of spearguns are prohibited in these areas. Careful tourism is crucial to the reefs undergoing rehabilitation; you can enjoy the life going on all around you, but be careful not to interfere. When it has been determined that a reef has reached a level of sustainability, the community may be allowed to resume non-threatening fishing and tourist activity. It is important to always bear in mind the fragility of the reef systems, and practice diligence when exploring the life contained within them.

With so much work to be done, there are many opportunities for you to get your feet wet! Make sure to catch tomorrow’s final installment of the series, where you will learn how to get involved.

Reef restoration in National Marine Sanctuary, Florida keys

Photos via Heal the Bay, PMC 1stPix, NOAA’s National Ocean Service